Lassa fever poses a growing threat in Nigeria, and Rivers State must take urgent precautions to prevent an outbreak. The recent death of a 31-year-old physician who tested positive for the virus after returning from the United Kingdom underscores the severity of this disease. According to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC), as of March 2, 2025, the country had recorded 98 deaths and 535 confirmed cases out of 2,728 suspected cases. While the highest number of cases has been reported in Ondo, Edo, Bauchi, Taraba, and Ebonyi, Rivers State remains at risk due to its large population, active trade routes, and open markets where food contamination is a major concern.
Lassa fever is caused by the Lassa virus, which is primarily transmitted through contact with the urine, feces, saliva, or blood of infected rodents, particularly the multimammate rat. The virus can also spread through contaminated food and drinks, contact with infected surfaces, and person-to-person transmission, especially in hospitals where infection control measures are inadequate. Given the high movement of people and goods in Rivers State, the risk of exposure cannot be ignored.
Symptoms of Lassa fever often resemble common illnesses such as malaria or typhoid, making early detection difficult. These symptoms include fever, weakness, headaches, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chest pain, and, in severe cases, bleeding from the gums, nose, or other parts of the body. Without timely medical intervention, Lassa fever can lead to organ failure and death.
To prevent an outbreak in Rivers State, residents must take urgent steps to reduce the risk of infection. Food should be stored in sealed containers to prevent contamination by rats, and waste disposal must be handled properly to avoid attracting rodents. Open food markets, restaurants, and homes should be kept clean and rodent-free. Consumption of bush meat, particularly rats, should be avoided. Personal hygiene, including frequent handwashing with soap and water, is essential in reducing transmission.
Hospitals and healthcare workers must strengthen infection control measures, ensuring that suspected cases are identified, isolated, and treated promptly. Protective equipment such as gloves and masks should be used when handling patients, and proper waste management must be enforced to prevent hospital-acquired infections. Individuals who suspect they may have been exposed to Lassa fever should seek medical attention immediately and avoid contact with others to prevent further spread.
Government agencies, in collaboration with health authorities, must intensify surveillance and awareness campaigns across the state. Entry points, including airports, seaports, and land borders, should be monitored for possible cases. Public health officials should engage market leaders, transport unions, and community heads to ensure that safety measures are widely communicated and observed.
Lassa fever remains a deadly but preventable disease. The recent death of the physician should serve as a warning for Rivers State residents to act swiftly. By taking necessary precautions, maintaining hygiene, and seeking early medical care, the risk of an outbreak can be minimized. Anyone experiencing symptoms or suspecting a case should report immediately to the nearest health facility or contact the NCDC emergency helpline.
